Metabolic syndrome appears to be associated with an increased risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma in older men without gastrointestinal reflux disease (GERD) and in older females irrespective of GERD status, according to a study published in the journal Cancer.1
http://www.oncologynurseadvisor.com/head-and-neck-cancer/metabolic-syndrome-associated-with-increased-risk-of-esophageal-cancer/article/571911/
Metabolic Syndrome Associated With Increased Risk of Esophageal Cancer in Older Patients